Reforms They Need


 

India since its Independence significantly changed its status from an food deficit Nation to   food surplus nation.Gross value added from Agriculture,forestry & fishing stood at 16.1% according to the data from 2019-20 Economic survey.This is a increase of around 3% from previous year.We are largest milk producing country in the world.We also stand at top positions in many other things like Pulses,Okra Banana,Mango,Lemon Papaya,Tomato,Potato etc.

But there are  many problems that  needs to be addressed. We need to change our subsistence agriculture system to a robust one. India has attained high productivity per hectare but still lags behind by many markets. About 45% of Indian workforce is engage in agriculture and allied activities. Another problem is of high fragmentation of Indian farms, in 1970 the average land holding was 2.7 hectare but in 2015-16  it shrink to 1 hectare. Due to low landholding farmer unable to do Mechanization in farms and thus prevents technology penetration on farms results to low productivity. 

India invest low in Agriculture  R&D, about 1.4 billion in 2018-19 but china invest 7.8 billion in same year, results in high efficient production. According to one research every 1 rupee spend on Agriculture R&D increase agriculture GDP by 11.2 rupees. Every 1 Million spend on agriculture R&D takes out approx. 328 people out of poverty.

India also lags behind in Fertilizer consumption (160kg/hec) against china (503kg/hec),due to this China production in many crops is 50-100 times more than India. India spend most of its Agriculture allocation in subsidy (around 27 billion in 2018-19) and gives very low share in direct income support (around 3 billion in same year). On other hand China direct income support stands at 20 billion in 2018-19.

Govt. is also taking many steps for promoting Agri. sector. Some of their initiatives are-

E Nam- A network of APMC mandis which facilitate pan India trade in Agriculture Commodities,thus ensuring right value to producers.

National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture- Aim is increase agriculture productivity ,integrated farming, efficient water management.

PM Fasal Bima Yojana, PM krishi Sinchai Yojana, PM KISAN etc others.

For making robust agriculture system we need to implement  these things at the earliest, 

Increase allocation to agriculture R&D, Increasing share of DBT in Farmer welfare, Align policy with AI- IOT and Blockchain etc, Fixing Infrastructure issues like logistics,cold storage and other post harvest issues.Aggressive campaign in select market to increase market share of  Indian agriculture products, Increase farmer participation in FPO,Cooperatives.Encouraging contract farming etc are some steps that can fulfill Government dream of doubling farmer income by 2022.


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