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Top 10 Golden Countries

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United States Tonnes: 8,133.5 Percent of foreign reserves: 79% With the largest official holdings in the world, the US lays claim to nearly as much gold as the next three countries combined. It also has the highest gold allocation as a percentage of its foreign reserves at 79 percent.   Germany   Tonnes: 3,363.6 Percent of foreign reserves: 75.6% In 2017 Germany completed a four-year repatriation operation to move a total of 674 tonnes of gold from the Banque de France and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York back to its own vaults.   Italy   Tonnes: 2,451.8 Percent of foreign reserves: 71.3% Italy has likewise maintained the size of its reserves over the years, and it has support from European Central Bank (ECB).   France   Tonnes: 2,436.0 Percent of foreign reserves: 65.5% France’s central bank has sold little of its gold over the past several years, and there are calls to halt it altogether.   Russia   Tonnes: 2,299.9 Percent of foreign reserves: 23% Th
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SOVEREIGN GOLD BOND SCHEME- WHAT, WHEN, HOW

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  Sovereign Gold Bonds   are government securities denominated in grams of gold. They are substitutes for holding physical gold. Investors have to pay the issue price in cash and the bonds will be redeemed in cash on maturity. The Bond is issued by Reserve Bank of India on behalf of Government of India. The quantity of gold for which the investor pays is protected , since he receives the ongoing market price at the time of redemption/ premature redemption. The risks and costs of storage are eliminated. Investors are assured of the market value of gold at the time of maturity and periodical interest. SGB is free from issues like making charges and purity in the case of gold in jewellery form. The bonds are held in the books of the RBI or in demat form eliminating risk of loss of scrip etc. There may be a risk of capital loss if the market price of gold declines. However, the investor does not lose in terms of the units of gold which he has
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Goodwill and Their Valuation

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Goodwill is an intangible asset which is not visible and cannot be touched but can be purchased and traded.Goodwill consist many intangible assets like-Brand name,Customer base, Patents,Trademark,copyright etc.In other words, goodwill is a firm worth or reputation established over time.The valuation of goodwill is based on the assumption obtained by the valuer. A businessman work whole life to make its brand Successful, and this brand gives  business its desirable reputation in the market. This earned reputation evaluate the business, and its financial worth that a customer is eager to give is known as goodwill. This goodwill play a very important role in Mergers and Acquisitions.   Valuation of Goodwill -   Average Profits Method – This method is further divided into two sub-parts.     Simple Average – In this process, goodwill evaluation is done by calculating the average profit by the number of years it is called years purchase. It can be calculated by using the formula.  Goodwil
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Reforms They Need

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  India since its Independence significantly changed its status from an food deficit Nation to   food surplus nation.Gross value added from Agriculture,forestry & fishing stood at 16.1% according to the data from 2019-20 Economic survey.This is a increase of around 3% from previous year.We are largest milk producing country in the world.We also stand at top positions in many other things like Pulses,Okra Banana,Mango,Lemon Papaya,Tomato,Potato etc. But there are  many problems that  needs to be addressed. We need to change our subsistence agriculture system to a robust one. India has attained high productivity per hectare but still lags behind by many markets. About 45% of Indian workforce is engage in agriculture and allied activities. Another problem is of high fragmentation of Indian farms, in 1970 the average land holding was 2.7 hectare but in 2015-16  it shrink to 1 hectare. Due to low landholding farmer unable to do Mechanization in farms and thus prevents technology penetra
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All you need to know about Monetary policy committee of RBI.

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After reading this article you need not to read any other article regarding MPC. Monetary   policy committee (MPC ) is a expert group formed by RBI(Under RBI Act 1934) to determine policy rate to acheive inflation target. Members- 5+1  # Governor of RBI - Chairperson # Deputy governor of RBI -Member # 1 officer from RBI - Nominated by Central board of Directors # 3 persons -Appointed by Central  government. The person appointed by Central government must fulfill some basic requirements- # Not attain 70 years of age # Not a member of any board or committee of RBI # Not a public servant # Not MP/MLA or any public representative # Not insolvent  Person appointed by Central government on recommendation of " Search Cum Selection Committee". Members- 5+1 # Cabinet Secretary - Chairperson # Governor of RBI(or his representative not below the rank of Deputy Governor)-Member # Secretary (Department of Economic affairs) - Member # 3 Expert of Economics,Finance,Monetary poli
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